Abstract:
We present temporal and spectral characteristics of X-ray flares observed from six late-type
G–K active dwarfs (V368 Cep, XI Boo, IM Vir, V471 Tau, CC Eri and EP Eri) using data from
observations with the XMM–Newton observatory. All the stars were found to be flaring frequently and altogether a total of 17 flares were detected above the ‘quiescent’ state X-ray
emission which varied from 0.5 to 8.3 × 10²⁹ erg s−¹ . The largest flare was observed in a
low-activity dwarf XI Boo with a decay time of 10 ks and ratio of peak flare luminosity to
‘quiescent’ state luminosity of 2. We have studied the spectral changes during the flares by
using colour–colour diagram and by detailed spectral analysis during the temporal evolution
of the flares. The exponential decay of the X-ray light curves, and time evolution of the plasma
temperature and emission measure are similar to those observed in compact solar flares. We
have derived the semiloop lengths of flares based on the hydrodynamic flare model. The size
of the flaring loops is found to be less than the stellar radius. The hydrodynamic flare decay
analysis indicates the presence of sustained heating during the decay of most flares.
