A Case Study on the Interaction Between MSTIDs' Fronts, Their Dissipation, and a Curious Case of MSTID's Rotation Over Geomagnetic Low-Mid Latitude Transition Region

Abstract

This paper reports a rare interaction between two fronts of nighttime medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) and associated phenomena observed over geomagnetic low-mid latitude transition region on a geomagnetically quiet night (Ap = 5) of 21 May 2020. The event was observed for nearly 8 hours in O(1 D) 630.0 nm airglow images captured by an all-sky imager installed at Hanle (32.7°N, 78.9°E; Mlat. ∼24.1°N), Leh Ladakh, India and supplemented by a digisonde and a global positioning system receiver located within the imager's field of view (FOV). The images revealed a slow-moving MSTID front being followed by a fast-moving MSTID front, both traveling southwestward. The third front of the MSTID caught up with the second one, initiating the interaction. As a consequence, a plasma channel was created during the interaction and the MSTIDs' fronts began decaying. Subsequently, they became thin strips and later dissipated within the FOV of the imager. The polarization electric field of the merged region of the two interacting MSTIDs' fronts played a key role in creating the plasma channel. In the later hours of the night, another MSTID with a rotating front was observed, which is a rarely reported phenomenon. The horizontal gradient in the westward wind is a plausible reason for the observed rotation. This study elucidates the complex nature of geomagnetic low-mid latitude transition region.