Abstract:
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are small regions in centers of some galaxies which
emit powerful electromagnetic radiation, often outshining stars, gas, and dust
which make up the host galaxy. These are the brightest non-transient objects
in the Universe with bolometric luminosity between 1040 and 1048 erg s−1. The
released energy makes AGN visible from cosmological distances. The need to
explain the very high rates of energy generation, requiring super-massive black
holes (SMBHs)as power sources, jets of relativistic particles blasting out of nu-
cleus of the galaxies and exotic particle−radiation interactions are clear challenges
for the application of laws of physics. Thus, AGNs are the special laboratories
for extreme physics which we would like to understand. They are also our key
probes of the Universe on large scales, so their study is essential to understand
the formation and evolution of the Universe.
