Abstract:
Particulate matter (PM₂.₅) samples were collected over Delhi, India during January to December 2012 and
analysed for carbonaceous aerosols and inorganic ions (SO²₄⁻ and NO₃⁻) in order to examine variations in atmospheric chemistry, combustion sources and influence of long-range transport. The PM2.5 samples are measured
(offline) via medium volume air samplers and analysed gravimetrically for carbonaceous (organic carbon, OC; elemental carbon, EC) aerosols and inorganic ions (SO²₄⁻ and NO₃⁻) . Furthermore, continuous (online) measurements of (PM₂.₅) (via Beta-attenuation analyser), black carbon (BC) mass concentration (via Magee scientific
Aethalometer) and carbon monoxide (via CO-analyser) are carried out. (PM₂.₅) (online) range from 18.2 to
500.6 μg m⁻³ (annual mean of 124.6 ± 87.9 μg m⁻³ ) exhibiting higher night-time (129.4 μg m⁻³ ) than daytime
(103.8 μg m⁻³ ) concentrations. The online concentrations are 38% and 28% lower than the offline during night
and day, respectively. In general, larger night-time concentrations are found for the BC, OC, NO₃⁻and SO²₄⁻,
which are seasonally dependent with larger differences during late post-monsoon and winter. The high correla-
tion (R² = 0.74) between OC and EC along with the OC/EC of 7.09 (day time) and 4.55 (night-time), suggest significant influence of biomass-burning emissions (burning of wood and agricultural waste) as well as secondary
organic aerosol formation during daytime. Concentrated weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis reveals that the potential sources for the carbonaceous aerosols and pollutants are local emissions within the urban environment
and transported smoke from agricultural burning in northwest India during post-monsoon. BC radiative forcing
estimates result in very high atmospheric heating rates (~1.8–2.0 K day⁻¹) due to agricultural burning effects
during the 2012 post-monsoon season.
